Analisis Spasial Kasus Tuberkulosis Paru dan Gambaran Karakteristik Penderita di Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2023

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the deadliest infectious diseases, WHO reports Indonesia has the second highest number of cases globally. In 2023, 809,000 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were recorded in Indonesia, showing an increase compared to the pre-pandemic period. North Sumatra is the third position with the highest pulmonary tuberculosis cases after West Java and East Java. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in North Sumatra, the spatial distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis cases by districts/cities in the form of maps, and a description characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in North Sumatra in 2023. This research method used a descriptive GIS and quantitative approach. The sample size of this study was 57,317 with secondary data from the Indonesian Health Survey 2023 in North Sumatra and the data analysis used was complex sample. The results showed that the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in North Sumatra in 2023 was 0.17 percent (95% CI = 0.12% - 0.24%), spatial analysis showed that the districts/cities in the very high category were Simalungun (0.01%; 95% CI = 0.00% - 0.04%), Deli Serdang (0.01%; 95% CI = 0.00% - 0.05%), and Langkat (0.04%; 95% CI = 0.01% - 0.014%). The characteristics of tuberculosis patients were mostly aged 26 - 36 years (0.03%; 95% CI = 0.01% - 0.08%), with the most gender being male (0.11%; 95% CI = 0.08% - 0.17%). The education level of tuberculosis patients was mostly graduated from high school (0.05%; 95% CI = 0.03% - 0.08%), the type employment of patients mostly self-employed (0.05%; 95% CI = 0.03% - 0.10%), and dominated non-smokers (0.11%; 95% CI = 0.08% - 0.16%). These findings highlight the need for stakeholders to focus resources on high-incidence districts to optimize tuberculosis control efforts in North Sumatra.