Efek Antikanker Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi N-Heksan dan Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Pirdot (Saurauia vulcani Korth.) pada Sel Kanker Payudara T47D

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and represents the second most frequent cause of death associated with cancer. Although chemotherapy remains a primary treatment modality, it is often associated with significant adverse effects. Consequently, there is a growing interest in natural product-based therapies with potentially fewer side effects. Saurauia vulcani Korth. (pirdot) is an Indonesian medicinal plant reported to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, which may exhibit anticancer properties. Objective: To evaluate the anticancer potential of ethanol extract and fractions from pirdot leaves on T47D breast cancer cells. Methods: The extraction was performed using 90% ethanol via maceration, followed by successive fractionation with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract were analyzed using LC-HRMS. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay across concentrations of 800, 400, 200, 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 µg/mL. Results: LC-HRMS analysis identified several bioactive compounds with potential anticancer activity, including oleanolic acid, hederagenin, betulinicaldehyde, choline, 3-BHA, betaine, ursolic acid, kaempferol, rutin, and quercetin. However, none of the tested samples (ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and residual fraction) reduced cell viability to below 50% in T47D cells. Conclusion: The ethanol extract and all fractions of pirdot leaves did not exhibit significant anticancer activity against T47D breast cancer cells under the tested conditions.