Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antimikroba Minyak Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) dari Hidrodistilasi Menggunakan Radiasi Mikrowave dan Pra-Perlakuan Menggunakan Homogenizer

Abstract

A combination of homogenizer-assisted cell disruption and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation was conducted to extract patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.). This study investigated the effect of stirring time (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes) and stirring speed (2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, and 6000 rpm) on the yield and quality of the extracted oil. The highest yield of 6.43% was obtained at a stirring time of 25 minutes and a speed of 4000 rpm. GC-MS analysis revealed that the major component of the oil was patchouli alcohol, with a concentration of 32.73%. Antioxidant activity, evaluated using the DPPH method, resulted in an IC50 value of 475.8842 ppm, indicating that the patchouli oil exhibited very weak antioxidant properties. The antimicrobial activity test showed inhibition zones of 13.51 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 11.23 mm against Escherichia coli, indicating the oil has moderate antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the refractive index of the extracted oil was measured at 1.504, which complies with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 06-2385-2006 for patchouli oil.