Faktor Risiko Kejadian Depresi Pada Anak Dengan Leukimia Limfoblastik Akut

Abstract

Background: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder, one of the symptoms of which is depressed mood or anhedonia, which is a loss of interest or pleasure. Several previous studies have evaluated depression in pediatric LLA patients with highly variable results resulting from differences in factors evaluated, sample characteristics and screening instruments used. Objective: To analyze the risk factors for depression in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia using PHQ-9. Methods: Cross sectional study to assess the level of depression in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the outpatient unit at the Haji Adam Malik Central General Hospital Medan in the period August 2024 to October 2024. All children in the age group of 7-18 years were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.The incidence of depression in children was assessed with the PHQ-9 questionnaire. Categorical data were displayed as proportions. The association of risk factors with depression was analyzed using chi square test, bivariate analysis was used to identify associated variables and multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression test to assess the probability of depression. Results: 40 subjects have been recruited in this study, there is an association of age group (p=0.002), type of leukemia (p=0.004), and mode of therapy (p=0.003) on the occurrence of risk factors for childhood depression. In this study, the most significant risk factor for depression in children was age group, followed by the mode of therapy and type of leukemia. Conclusion: Assessment of depression in leukemia children can be done using depression screening instruments, where age group, type of leukemia and mode of therapy are risk factors for depression in children with leukemia.