Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Duku (Lansium domesticum Correa.) Terhadap Sel MCF-7, T47D dan 4T1

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is a cancer that ranks second with the highest number of deaths after lung cancer in Indonesia. The search for an alternative nature-based anticancer material with safer side effects needs to be continuously developed. Duku leaf (Lansium domesticum Correa.) has the potential to have anticancer activity. This plant contains secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins and tannins. Objective: To determine the cytotoxic activity and selectivity of duku leaf extracts and fractions against MCF-7, T47D and 4T1 cells using the MTT assay method. Methods: The research method was laboratory experimental and the anticancer activity test against breast cancer cells was carried out in vitro using MCF-7, T47D and 4T1 breast cancer cells. The extraction process of duku leaves uses the maceration method with ethanol solvent, then fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvents successively and tested for cytotoxic activity using the MTT assay method. Results: The results obtained, namely the n-hexane fraction showed strong cytotoxic properties on T47D breast cancer cells with an IC50 value of 5.07 ± 3.3 μl/mL with IS>3. Conclusion: Ethanol extracts and fractions of duku leaves have strong cytotoxic activity on T47D and IS>3 cells. Thus, the n-hexane fraction of duku leaves has the potential to be developed as a new anticancer.