Hubungan Skor Prediksi Risiko Penyakit Kardiovaskular Aterosklerosis (PKVA) dengan Terjadinya Nonarteritik Iskemik Optik Neuropati pada Individu Berisiko Penyakit Kardiovaskular

Abstract

Background: Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is one of the leading causes of optic nerve disorders that can result in permanent vision loss. This condition is often associated with systemic vascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus, which are also key components of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Accordingly, the WHO CVD risk prediction chart may serve as a useful tool to identify individuals at high risk of developing NAION. Methods: This study was an analytical observational research with a cross-sectional design, carried out in the Cardiology and Opthalmology outpatient of RSP Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis USU in Medan, from March 2025 until the sample was complete. A total of 37 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Results: The majority of subjects fell into the high cardiovascular risk category (37.8%). Functional examinations revealed mild visual field defects, which may serve as early indicators of optic nerve ischemia. However, the Mann–Whitney test yielded a p-value of 0.495, and the Kruskal–Wallis test resulted in a p-value of 0.266, indicating no statistically significant association between PKVA risk scores (both numerical and stratified) and the incidence of NAION. Conclusion: The WHO-based cardiovascular risk score (PKVA) does not demonstrate a significant association with NAION incidence. Risk assessment for NAION requires a multifactorial approach that considers systemic, ocular, and lifestyle-related factors.