Faktor - Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Puskesmas Medan Sunggal Kota Medan Tahun 2025

Abstract

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) remain a major challenge in global health, particularly in Indonesia, and are still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. According to the Indonesian Health Survey (2023), the incidence of ARI in Indonesia reached 23.5 percent, while in North Sumatra the incidence of ARI reached 16.1 percent according to diagnoses by health workers. Data from the Sunggal Public Health Center in Medan indicates that the proportion of ARI cases among toddlers was 19.8 percent, with a total of 1,527 patients in 2024. This study aims to determine the relationship between the characteristics of toddlers (birth weight, full-term birth, nutritional status, immunization status, history of exclusive breastfeeding) and environmental characteristics (room density, ventilation, presence of smokers, use of mosquito repellents) with the incidence of ISPA in toddlers at the Medan Sunggal Community Health Center. This study used a quantitative approach, with a cross-sectional design, and data analysis test using chi-square test. The population in this study were all toddlers who were in the working area of Medan Sunggal Health Center. The sample is a part of parents who have toddlers as many as 103 respondents. Sampling was conducted using accidental sampling. Data were obtained from interviews using questionnaires and existing data at the Medan Sunggal Health Center. The results of the study using bivariate analysis showed a relationship between birth weight and the incidence of ISPA (p=0.048), nutritional status (p=<0,001), history of exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.008), presence of smokers (p=0.025), and use of mosquito re.pe.lle.nts (p=0.008). It is expected for the community to pay attention to the nutritional status of toddlers, provide exclusive breastfeeding, avoid exposure to cigarette smoke in the home environment, and minimize the use of mosquito repellent, as part of efforts to implement healthy living behaviors to prevent ARI in toddlers