| dc.description.abstract | Background: Acne or acne vulgaris is an infection characterized by inflammation of the pilosebaceous layer, accompanied by blockage and accumulation of keratinous material, triggered by several bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. One of the natural oils used to address acne problems is sunflower seed oil (Helianthus annuus L.), as it contains terpenoids that work by damaging bacterial cell membranes, and linoleic acid, which acts as an anti-inflammatory agent that helps in healing acne. The use of sunflower seed oil as an anti-acne treatment by direct application to the face is considered less comfortable, so it is formulated into a cream.
Objective: This study aimed to formulate a topical cream using sunflower seed oil (Helianthus annuus L.) as an anti-acne agent against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus.
Methods: This research is experimental. The steps included preparing tools and materials, testing the antibacterial activity of sunflower seed oil using the disc diffusion method, formulating the sunflower seed oil cream, evaluating the cream's quality, conducting physical stability tests, and finally testing the antibacterial activity of the cream using the well diffusion method.
Results: Based on the research results, the inhibition zone diameters of sunflower seed oil against Propionibacterium acnes at concentrations of 20%, 15%, 10%, 8%, 6%, and 5% were respectively (20.4; 17; 16.1; 15.6; 13.8; 13) mm, and against Staphylococcus aureus were (18.4; 16.8; 15.7; 15; 13.5; 12.5) mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was found at a concentration of 1%. Evaluation of the cream formulation showed a pH range of 6.11–6.59, a spreadability range of 5–6.3 cm, viscosity ranging from 7122 cPs to 19583 cPs, and an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion type. The cream formulation was stable during 12 weeks of storage and under cycling tests. In the antibacterial activity test, the cream formulations containing sunflower seed oil showed inhibition zones against Propionibacterium acnes for formulations F1, F2, F3, and F4 of (7.4; 12.47; 16.1; 18.17) mm respectively, and against Staphylococcus aureus of (6.97; 11.63; 16.13; 17.96) mm respectively.
Conclusion: Sunflower seed oil can be successfully formulated into a stable cream preparation with effective antibacterial and anti-acne activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. The best results were found in the F4 formula containing 15% sunflower seed oil, with inhibition zones of 18,17 mm and 17,96 mm. | en_US |
