Formulasi Nanoemulgel Kombinasi Minyak Kulit Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) dan Oregano Oil (Origanum vulgare) Sebagai Antibakteri Penyebab Jerawat

Abstract

Background: Acne can be caused by bacterial infections such as Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus that trigger inflammation. Nanoemulgel formulations offer advantages such as enhanced stability, reduced skin irritation, and effective drug delivery. Purpose: This study aims to formulate and evaluate the physical quality requirements of a nanoemulgel preparation as an antibacterial against acne bacteria using a combination of cinnamon bark oil (Cinnamomum burmannii) and oregano oil (Origanum vulgare), as well as to assess its antibacterial effectivity against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. Method: This study is an experimental research. The research stages included antibacterial activity testing of cinnamon bark oil and oregano oil using the disc diffusion method; formulation of nanoemulgel preparations with the following variations: without oil (F0), 0.3 cinnamon bark oil (F1), 0.3 oregano oil (F2), 0,1:0,2 (F3), 0,15:0,15 (F4), and 0,2:0,1 (F5) combinations; evaluation of the physical quality characteristics of the preparations, including organoleptic test, homogeneity test, spreadability test, emulsion type test, pH test, viscosity test, centrifugation test, transmittance size test, particle size test, antibacterial activity testing of the nanoemulgel using the well diffusion method, and physical stability evaluation of the preparations. Result: The antibacterial activity results of cinnamon bark oil and oregano oil at a concentration of 0.3% showed the most effective activity, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 14 mm to 16 mm. The resulting nanoemulgel preparation was thick in consistency, yellow in color, had a characteristic odor, was homogeneous, had a spreadability of 5–6.4 cm, emulsion type m/a, pH of 6.4–6.9, viscosity of 7500–9000 cPs, showed no phase separation, transmittance percentage >90%, particle size of <50 nm, and remained stable under storage at low, high, and room temperatures for 12 weeks as well as during 6 cycles of a cycling test. The F4 (0,15:0,15) nanoemulgel formulation exhibited the largest inhibition zones, measuring 17.27±0.06 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 17.07±0.06 mm against Propionibacterium acnes. Conclusion: Nanoemulgel formulations using a combination of cinnamon bark oil (Cinnamomum burmannii) and oregano oil (Origanum vulgare) can be successfully developed, as they meet the required physical quality standards. The F4 (0,15:0,15) nanoemulgel formulation demonstrated the largest inhibition zones 17.27±0.06 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 17.07±0.06 mm against Propionibacterium acnes as well as the smallest particle size, measuring 12.37 nm.