Hubungan Pemberian Imunisasi DPT, Pendidikan Ibu dan Kepadatan Hunian dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Puskesmas Simpang Limun Tahun 2025

Abstract

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is one of the infectious diseases that affect the respiratory tract. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), ARI is a leading cause of death in children under five years of age with a Case Fatality Rate (CFR) in the world of 15 percent. According to SKI’s in 2023, incidence rate of ARI in Indonesia is 23.5 percent, with 34.5 percent in toddlers, and in North Sumatra in 2023 is 16.1 percent. The study discusses about the relationship of DPT immunization, mother's education and residential density with incidence of ARI in toddlers at Simpang Limun Public Health Center in 2025. This study is an analytical study using a cross-sectional design, with a total sample of 101 respondents selected through incidental sampling. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with a confidence level of 95 percent (α = 0.05). The results of the bivariate analysis indicated a significant relationship between mother’s education (p = 0.006), DPT immunization (p = 0.001), frequency of DPT immunization (p = <0.001), exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.006), residential density (p = <0.001), and the presence of smokers in the household (p = 0.022) with the incidence of ARI in toddlers at Simpang Limun Public Health Center in 2025. It is recommended that the staff at Simpang Limun Public Health Center provide education on the importance of primary and booster immunizations for toddlers, exclusive breastfeeding, home health, and the dangers of exposure to cigarette smoke on toddler health. Mothers and families are advised not to smoke indoors, to provide exclusive breastfeeding, and to seek health services to ensure toddlers receive their primary and booster immunizations.