Formulasi Kaplet Ekstrak Umbi Uwi Ungu (Dioscorea alata L.): Karakterisasi dan Uji Efektivitas Antioksidan dengan Metode DPPH

Abstract

Background: Purple uwi tuber (Dioscorea alata L.) is a traditional plant rich in bioactive compounds such that are known to have high antioxidant activity. The use of uwi as a traditional medicine has been empirically proven to help overcome various degenerative and metabolic diseases, but its utilization in pharmaceutical dosage forms is still not optimal. Given its antioxidant potential, development efforts are needed in a more practical and stable dosage form, one of which is in the form of caplets. This study aims to formulate a caplet preparation of ethanol extract of purple uwi tuber by wet granulation method and evaluate its physical quality and antioxidant activity using DPPH method. Objective: To formulate the ethanol extract of uwi tuber in caplet dosage form, prove whether the caplet preparation meets the evaluation requirements, and determine the effect of variation in concentration of uwi tuber extract on antioxidant effectiveness using the DPPH method. Method: Extraction of uwi tubers was carried out by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent, then phytochemical screening and characterization of simplisia and ethanol extract of uwi tuber were carried out. Furthermore, antioxidant activity testing was carried out on the ethanol extract of uwi tuber using the DPPH silencing method by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The caplets were formulated using the wet granulation method with variations in extract concentrations of 50 mg (F1); 100 mg (F2); and 150 mg (F3). The caplets obtained were tested for physical quality evaluation which included weight uniformity test, hardness test, friability test and disintegration time test. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH inhibition method by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Results: The results showed that the ethanol extract of uwi tuber has antioxidant activity with a very strong category, namely the IC50 value of 34.97 µg/mL. The four formulas can be molded into caplets with average weight uniformity test results of 998.5 mg; 997 mg; 986 mg; 999.5 mg.The friability test is 0.58%; 0.53%; 0.43%; 0.40%. Hardness test is 5.82 kg; 5.94 kg; 6.15 kg; 6.70 kg. The crushing time test was 9 minutes 43 seconds; 9 minutes 53 seconds; 11 minutes 20 seconds; 12 minutes 22 seconds. The results of the four formulas meet the predetermined requirements. Antioxidant activity of uwi tuber ethanol extract caplets with IC50 values of 139.78 µg/mL (F1); 97.36 µg/mL (F2); 85 µg/mL (F3). Conclusion: All formulas can be molded into caplets by wet granulation method and caplet formulas with variations in uwi tuber extract concentration in formula 3 provide the most optimal preformulation test and evaluation test results.