Analisis Pengaruh Kesetraan Gender terhadap Pendapatan per Kapita di Pulau Sumatera

Abstract

This Study aims to analyze the influence of gender equality on per capita income in Sumatera Island using a quantitative approach. The main focus of this research includes development indicator related to gender such as the Human Development Index (HDI), Gender Development Index (GDI), Gender Empowerment Index (GEI), Gender Inequality Index (GII), as well as other social variables such as average years of schooling, productive age ratio, labor force participation rate, and women’s representation in parliament. The study employs panel data regression and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) methods to examine spatial differences across provinces in Sumatera during the 2018-2023 periode. The results show that most gender equality indicators significantly influence per capita income at the provincial level. HDI, GDI, and GEI are proven to increase per capita income, while GII has negative impact. The GWR analysis reveals that these effects are not homogenous but very across regions. Provinces with higher female participation in education, the workforce, and politics exhibit higher per capita income achievements, indicating the importance of women’s empowerment in regional economic development strategies. The implications of these findings emphasize that development policies that consider gender equality can accelerate inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Spatial mapping based on GWR also provides valuable insights into identifying regions that require greater attention in terms of women’s empowerment. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for local goverments and policymakers in formulating more equitable and gender-responsive development strategies in Sumatera Island.