Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Biopelumas Aloe Vera dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit untuk Mesin Bubut CNC

Abstract

Environmental concerns regarding mineral-based lubricants have driven the development of eco-friendly alternatives such as biolubricants. This study aims to synthesize and characterize a biolubricant derived from palm oil and Aloe vera for CNC lathe applications. The synthesis involved two steps: extraction of polysaccharides from Aloe vera and transesterification of palm oil using methanol and NaOH as a catalyst. Biolubricants were formulated at various palm oil:Aloe vera (PO:AV) ratios (100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40) and tested for physicochemical properties and lubrication performance, particularly in reducing tool temperature. The results showed that the 60:40 ratio exhibited the most optimal characteristics, with the highest viscosity (3.06 cP at 40°C), the lowest pour point, and good thermal stability. The addition of Aloe vera enhanced viscosity and oxidative resistance due to the presence of acemannan and natural antioxidants. Machining tests confirmed that the biolubricant effectively reduced tool temperature compared to dry conditions. Therefore, the combination of Aloe vera and palm oil demonstrates strong potential as a sustainable base material for environmentally friendly lubricants in manufacturing applications.