Analisis Fenomena ENSO terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Ikan Layang (Decapterus russelli) di Perairan Selat Malaka

Abstract

This study investigates the correlation between sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface current, chlorophyll-a concentration, and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena with the catch of Shortfin Scad (Decapterus russelli) in the Malacca Strait from 2020 to 2024. Utilizing a quantitative approach, satellite imagery data from Aqua MODIS was analyzed for oceanographic parameters, while ENSO index data was used to assess climatic influence. SeaDAS 9.1.0 was employed for data extraction, and ArcMap 10.8 for spatial mapping of SST, chlorophyll-a, and sea currents. The methodology involved data collection, image processing (including calculating mean and anomaly values for SST, currents, and chlorophyll-a), identification of phenomena, catch calculation, and statistical correlation analysis using Pearson correlation in IBM SPSS Statistics. The results indicate that the lowest SST in the Malacca Strait occurred in January 2020 and the highest in May 2023. Chlorophyll-a concentration peaked in December 2023 and was lowest in April 2022. SST showed a moderate correlation with Shortfin Scad catch, while chlorophyll-a exhibited a low correlation. Sea current velocity also demonstrated a low correlation with catch. Furthermore, ENSO phenomena were found to have a moderate correlation with Shortfin Scad catch. This research contributes to understanding the intricate relationship between climate change and fishery resources. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for better, sustainable fisheries management policies in the Malacca Strait.