Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi IPM di Indonesia Tahun 2024 dengan Gini Ratio sebagai Variabel Intervening Pendekatan Analisis Jalur

Abstract

The Human Development Index (HDI) reflects the quality of development through the dimensions of health, education, and a decent standard of living. Although the Development Index in Indonesia has increased, inequality between regions is still visible from the Gini Ratio as an indicator of unequal income distribution. This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect effects of factors forming the HDI, with the Gini Ratio as an intervening variable, as well as to test the mediating role of the Gini Ratio and identify the most dominant factors on the Gini Ratio and HDI. The study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data types obtained from the publication of the Central Statistics Agency. Data were analyzed using the path analysis method. Life Expectancy and Real Expenditure Per Capita have a significant effect on the Gini ratio. All exogenous variables and the Gini Ratio have a significant effect on the Human Development Index. Meanwhile, the Gini ratio does not play a significant role as a mediating variable in the relationship between Life Expectancy and Real Expenditure Per Capita on the Human Development Index. Path analysis shows that most of the independent variables have a significant effect on the Human Development Index. However, the Gini Ratio does not play a significant role as a mediator variable. Real Expenditure Per Capita is the most dominant factor in influencing the Gini Ratio and HDI.