Hubungan antara Ibu Hamil Hepatitis B dan Pemeriksaan Ante Natal Care dengan Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah di Puskesmas Kota Medan

Abstract

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause acute or chronic disease, with the main transmission being vertical from women to child. Infection in newborns is at high risk of becoming chronic up to 95%. The prevalence of Hepatitis B in pregnant women in Indonesia is around 1,5% while in other regions it ranges from 0,7–7%. Pregnant women who are HBsAg positive are at risk of giving birth to low birth weight (LBW) infants, which contributes to neonatal mortality and stunting. Indonesia is targeting the elimination of Hepatitis B by 2030 with early detection through HBsAg screening during antenatal care (ANC) visits and vertical transmission prevention measures. ANC is a routine pregnancy check to monitor maternal and fetal health Which consist of six visits, K1 to K6. K1 should be conducted as early as possible (<8 weeks) for initial screening. K4 indicates fourth visits aligned with trimester schedules. K6 includes sixth visits, with at least two visits involving a physician, clinician to ensure delivery preparedness. Method: this study used a cross-sectional observational design with an analytical survey approach, involving 120 pregnant women who underwent ANC and HBsAg examinations at 41 Primary Health Centers, Medan City in 2023. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: the maternal Hepatitis B status, blood pressure, mid-upper arm circumference size, and hemoglobin levels did not show a statistically significant association with the incidence of LBW (respectively p values of 1,000; 1,000; 0,094; and 0,682). Compliance of ANC visits was the only significant related factor to the incidence of LBW (p=0,001). Conclusion: There was no association between Hepatitis B in pregnancy with the incidence of LBW. However, this study showed that ANC visit played as an important role in the occurrence of LBW.