Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik Kemasan Berlapis Metal dan Serbuk Cangkang Telur sebagai Bahan Substitusi Parsial pada Paving Block

Abstract

Global plastic production, reaching 400.3 million tons in 2022, has led to a significant increase in plastic waste, including Waste Metallized Plastic (WMP) from food packaging, which is challenging to recycle due to its multilayer structure and residue contamination. This study aims to evaluate the performance of paving blocks with partial WMP as aggregate substitute and eggshell powder (ESP) as partial cement replacement, promoting more sustainable construction materials. The mix variations included 5%, 10%, and 15% WMP with 5% ESP, following SNI 03-0691-1996 standards. Tests included compressive strength, water absorption, sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) resistance, microstructure analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and cost analysis. Results indicate that control paving blocks without waste achieved a compressive strength of 25,37 MPa (Grade B), while WMP variations showed decreasing strength with increasing WMP content, with values of 15.60 MPa (38.50% reduction), 11.79 MPa (53.54% reduction), and 10.40 MPa (59.01% reduction) for 5%, 10%, and 15% WMP mixes, respectively. The lowest grade fell into Category D, suitable for light applications such as garden paths. Microstructural analysis revealed reduced density and increased porosity with higher WMP content, alongside increased water absorption up to 3.86%. Despite this, all variations demonstrated good resistance to Na₂SO₄ solution, with weight changes <1% after 5 soaking cycles. Economically, using WMP and ESP reduced production costs by up to 6.2%, making it more cost-effective than conventional paving blocks. These findings suggest that WMP and ESP can be viable materials for more sustainable paving blocks, though further optimization is needed to improve their mechanical properties.