Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru pada Pasien yang Berobat di Rumah Sakit Khusus Paru Sumatera Utara Tahun 2025

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the ten leading causes of death in developing countries, including Indonesia. In North Sumatra Province, Medan City recorded the highest incidence of tuberculosis, namely 636 cases per 100,000 population, with a mortality rate of 2%. In 2024, cases of pulmonary tuberculosis at the North Sumatra Lung Specialist Hospital increased by 198% compared to 2023, suggesting that multiple factors contributed to the surge in cases. This study aims to analyze factors associated with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at Specialist Pulmonary Hospital North Sumatera. The study used a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of all patients seeking treatment at the Lung Specialist Clinic of the Specialist Pulmonary Hospital North Sumatera. A sample of 85 individuals was drawn using accidental sampling. Respondent characteristics and environmental factors were measured using a questionnaire. The proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis incidence was 68.2%, with most respondents in the age group of 17-59 years (65%), male (57.6%), the last education was high school/equivalent (62.35%), most respondents fell into the category of not working (47,06%) and the majority were married (64.7%), had good nutritional status (58.8%), did not smoke (54.1%), did not get immunized (60%), and most respondents lived in dwellings with density that met the requirements (78.8%) and did not have a history of contact with patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (70.6%). The results of this study showed a relationship between age (p<0.011), occupation (p<0.045), marital status (p<0.029), nutritional status (p<0.015), smoking status (p<0.040), residential density (p<0.034), contact history (p<0.012) with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. In contrast, the variables of gender (p=0.790), education (p=0.759), and immunization status (p=0.392) with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis were not related. It is recommended that preventive measures against pulmonary tuberculosis be taken, including maintaining a balanced, nutritious diet, wearing a mask in the hospital environment, and refraining from smoking to reduce the risk of transmitting pulmonary tuberculosis.