Analisa Perbandingan dan Perancangan Solar Panel Menggunakan Reflektor, Sistem Pendingin dan Pelacak Matahari

Abstract

The utilization of solar energy as a renewable energy source is increasingly developing to improve the efficiency of electricity generation. However, the efficiency of solar panels is still influenced by various factors, such as light intensity, temperature, and the angle of illumination. This study uses an experimental method that includes the design and testing of three solar panel systems: solar panels with reflectors to increase the intensity of received light, solar panels with a passive cooling system using a heatsink to reduce the working temperature of the panel, and solar panels with a sun tracker system without sensors to maintain the optimal angle of the solar panel towards the sun. Testing was conducted over five days with the recording of parameters including light irradiation, panel temperature, voltage, and current. The research results showed that the cooling system provided the highest average efficiency of 11.42%, followed by the sun tracking system with 10.89%, and the reflector with 10.41%. From the cost-benefit analysis, solar panels with reflectors had the highest Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 426,154.085, a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of 2.03, and the fastest Payback Period (PP), which is 6 years, compared to the other systems. Based on the results of this study, the use of reflectors is proven to be the most effective solution due to its lower investment and faster capital return, easy application and maintenance, and still provides a significant efficiency increase.