| dc.description.abstract | Background: Acne was a common skin problem caused by the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. The long-term use of antibiotics had led to resistance, so alternative options in the form of natural ingredients were required. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii (C. Ness & T. Ness) Blume) and tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) were known to have antibacterial activity against the bacteria that caused acne. Nanotechnology allowed an improvement in the effectiveness of topical formulations through nanoemulgel based delivery systems that optimized the penetration of active components into the skin.
Objective: This study aimed to formulate a nanoemulgel as an antiacne treatment using a combination of the cinnamon ethanol extract (Cinnamomum burmannii (C. Ness & T. Ness) Blume) and tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia).
Methods: This research involved the stages of preparing the cinnamon ethanol extract, phytochemical screening of the simplicia and the cinnamon ethanol extract, characterization of the simplicia and cinnamon ethanol extract, antibacterial activity testing of the cinnamon ethanol extract and tea tree oil, formulation of nanoemulgel combining cinnamon ethanol extract and tea tree oil, evaluation of the physical quality of nanoemulgel, physical stability testing of the nanoemulgel, and antibacterial activity testing of the nanoemulgel containing the combination of cinnamon ethanol extract and tea tree oil.
Results: The yield of the cinnamon ethanol extract obtained was 35.78%. The simplicia and cinnamon ethanol extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and triterpenoids. The characterization of the simplicia and extract met the requirements of the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopeia. The 2% cinnamon ethanol extract and 1% tea tree oil showed strong and effective antibacterial activity. The result nanoemulgel preparation was a thick liquid with a characteristic odor, homogeneous appearance, spread diameter of 5,13–6,85 cm, pH 6,31–6,47, viscosity 6964,67- 7040,67 cP, transmittance 98,07%–98,67%, and particle size of less than 100 nm. The nanoemulgel preparation remained stable when stored at low, high, and room temperatures for 12 weeks, as well as during six cycles of the cycling test. The F4 nanoemulgel had the largest inhibition zone diameter, measuring 17,70±0,26 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 17,87±0,06 mm against Propionibacterium acnes.
Conclusion: Cinnamon ethanol extract (Cinnamomum burmannii (C. Ness & T. Ness) Blume) and tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) can be combined into a nanoemulgel formulation that fulfilled stability requirements, exhibits antibacterial activity, thus indicating its potential as an anti-acne agent. | en_US |
