Hubungan Sikap, Pola Kerja, dan Sedentary Lifestyle dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Nelayan di Kelurahan Bagan Deli Kota Medan

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCD’s), with hypertension ("the silent killer") being a major concern, represent a leading global health threat with the highest mortality rates. Data from the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) indicated a hypertension prevalence of 34.1% in Indonesia, with North Sumatra Province reaching 29.2%. In 2023, North Sumatra recorded 3,287,526 hypertension patients aged ≥15 years, yet only 18.61% had received health services. Medan City reported the highest number of hypertension cases at 478,092 with a low service coverage of 9.43%. In 2024, 457 hypertension cases were recorded in Bagan Deli Village, Medan City, where the majority of residents are fishermen. This quantitative study, employing an analytical survey design with a cross-sectional approach on 95 respondents selected via accidental sampling, aimed to determine the relationship between attitude, work patterns (including work shifts, work fatigue, sleep quality, and smoking habits), and sedentary lifestyle with the incidence of hypertension among fishermen in Bagan Deli Village, Medan City. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses using the chi-square statistical test. The results showed a significant relationship between attitude and the incidence of hypertension (p-value = 0,008). Within the work pattern variable, significant relationships were found for work shifts (p-value = 0,038) and work fatigue (p-value = 0,017), while no significant relationships were found for sleep quality (p-value = 0,488) and smoking habits (p-value = 0,057). Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between sedentary lifestyle and the incidence of hypertension (p-value = 0,319). This research is expected to provide a foundation for developing more effective hypertension prevention and control programs for coastal fishing communities, by encouraging increased awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle, limiting excessive working hours, and increasing physical activity.