Analisis Spasial Kasus Diabetes Melitus Ditinjau dari Faktor Risiko di Provinsi Sumatera Utara (Analisis Data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2023)

Abstract

Increased blood glucose levels are a sign of a chronic metabolic disease known as diabetes, which over time can cause serious damage to blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, heart, and nerves. According to IDF data, Indonesia ranks 5th in the world with the highest prevalence of diabetes, with 19.5 million sufferers. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia according to SKI 2023 data among the population aged ≥15 years is 2.2 percent. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in North Sumatra Province among the population aged ≥15 years is 1.9 percent. Various researches have discussed the risk factors for diabetes mellitus and prevention efforts. However, there is currently a lack of information about diabetes mellitus cases examined through risk factors utilizing a geographical analysis method. The aim of this research is to spatially analyze diabetes mellitus cases and risk factors among the population aged ≥15 years in North Sumatra Province in 2023. The research method uses a GIS approach and descriptive quantitative analysis. The sample size for this research is 39,919, using secondary data from SKI 2023 in the Province of North Sumatra. Spatial and complex sample analyses were utilized to analyze the data. According to the spatial analysis of diabetes mellitus cases, Medan City (28.20%), Deli Serdang (12,97%) dan Langkat (8,11%) is the district/city with the highest prevalence. The risk factors that related to the spatial pattern of diabetes mellitus cases are smoke and physical activity. It suggests that district/city local governments adopt methods for controlling and preventing the number of diabetes mellitus cases, particularly in Medan City, Deli Serdang, and Langkat, where the prevalence is extremely high.