Desain Kondensor Tipe Shell And Tube Kapasitas 4,6 Kw Pada Sistem Pembangkit Organic Rankine Cycle (Orc) Dengan Fluida Kerja N-Pentane

Abstract

This study designs a shell-and-tube condenser for a 4.6 kW Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system with n-pentane as the working fluid, complying with TEMA type AEL standards. The condenser operates with n-pentane vapor entering at 69.56°C and exiting at 39.13°C (flow rate: 0.03566 kg/s), while coolant water temperature rises from 30°C to 33.28°C (flow rate: 0.33 kg/s). Thermal calculations yielded a log mean temperature difference (LMTD) of 19.67°C, overall heat transfer coefficient of 51.874 W/m²K, and 77% thermal effectiveness. The design features 30 tubes (outer diameter: 0.05398 m, length: 1.15 m) within a 0.4 m diameter shell, achieving a total heat transfer area of 11.525 m². Reynolds numbers of 11,256 (tube side) and 211,885 (shell side) confirm laminar flow conditions. These results demonstrate the condenser’s suitability for small-scale ORC applications, particularly for low-grade waste heat recovery.