Analisis Efektivitas Biaya Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Pneumonia di Rumah Sakit Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Background: In Indonesia, the incidence of pneumonia is quite high. The first line of treatment for pneumonia is antibiotics. The irrational use of antibiotics affects the duration and cost of treatment. Cost-effectiveness analysis is one alternative to choose the most cost-effective therapy from several choices of therapy models. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic therapy model and the most cost-effective therapy model in pneumonia patients at the Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort study design. The data analyzed were taken retrospectively from the medical records of inpatient pneumonia patients participating in BPJS (n=46) at the Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis USU Hospital for the period October 2023-September 2024 based on the hospital's perspective. Clinical outcome was assessed by the number of WBC reduction for no more than 7 days. Data were analyzed with Cost Effectiveness Ratio (CER) and Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) to determine the most cost effective antibiotics. Results: From this study, it was found that most (63%) of the patients were female and there were 5 antibiotic therapy models provided to these patients, namely ceftriaxone injection 1 g/12 hours, levofloxacin infusion 750 mg/24 hours, combination of ceftriaxone injection 1 g/12 hours + azithromycin 500 mg/24 hours, combination of ceftriaxone injection 1 g/12 hours + levofloxacin infusion 750 mg/24 hours, levofloxacin infusion 500 mg/24 hours. Based on CER, the most cost effective antibiotic therapy is ceftriaxone injection 1 g/12 hours with the lowest CER value of Rp9,876. Conclusion: This study proved that the most cost-effective antibiotic was ceftriaxone injection 1 g/12 hours.