Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Kasar Enzim Lipase dari Kecambah Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Sebagai Bahan Aditif Biodetergen

Abstract

The use of synthetic detergents has caused serious environmental problems due to waste that is difficult to decompose. Utilization of lipase enzymes from castor bean sprouts (Jatropha curcas L.) is one potential solution for the development of environmentally friendly biodetergents. This study aims to determine the activity of lipase enzymes from castor bean sprouts and evaluate their potential use as additives in biodetergent formulations. The method used includes the process of germinating castor beans for six days to obtain crude lipase extract. Enzyme activity testing was carried out using the titration method using coconut oil as a substrate. Furthermore, the lipase extract was applied in various mixture ratios with commercial detergents (ED 1:2, ED 1:4, ED 1:6, ED 1:8, and ED 1:10) for cleaning effectiveness testing using a washing test on five types of stains, namely used cooking oil, sauce, curry, oil, and chocolate milk. The results were assessed quantitatively through the percentage of cleaning and qualitatively through visual observation by panelists. The results showed that the highest lipase enzyme activity was obtained on the fourth day with a value of 166 U/mL. The washing effectiveness test showed that the ED 1:8 treatment gave the highest cleaning results on milk stains (93.7%), used cooking oil (77.2%), oil (86.5%), and curry (92.7%). Meanwhile, sauce stains showed the highest cleaning effectiveness in the ED 1:10 treatment with a value of 95.8%. The results of the panelists' visual assessment showed that the washing performance of the combination of lipase and detergent was higher than that of commercial biodetergents on the market. Based on these results, it can be concluded that lipase from jatropha seed sprouts has the potential as an additive in environmentally friendly biodetergent formulations with quite high washing effectiveness.