Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Kasar Enzim Lipase dari Kecambah Biji Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) sebagai Bahan Aditif Biodetergen

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the activity of lipase enzyme from rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis) sprouts and evaluate its application as an additive in biodetergent formulation. The method used in this study included the germination of rubber seeds for nine days to obtain a crude lipase enzyme extract, followed by an enzyme activity test using the titration method and coconut oil as the substrate. Furthermore, the extract with the highest activity was applied to detergent in various ratios (ED 1:2, ED 1:4, ED 1:6, ED 1:8, and ED 1:10) and tested for cleaning effectiveness through washing tests on five types of stains: soy sauce, butter, milk, coconut oil, and rendang. The assessment was conducted quantitatively by calculating the percentage of stain removal, and qualitatively through panelist observations. The results showed that the highest lipase enzyme activity occurred on the seventh day, with a value of 168 U/mL. The washing effectiveness test revealed that the ED 1:8 treatment provided the highest cleaning performance on coconut oil stains (74,8%). Meanwhile, the most effective cleaning performance for other stains was observed at the ED 1:10 ratio: soy sauce (97,6%), butter (96,6%), milk (96,3%), and rendang (80,8%). Panelist observations indicated that the combination of lipase and detergent had better cleaning performance compared to commercial biodetergents. Based on these results, it was concluded that lipase from rubber seed sprouts can improve cleaning effectiveness and has the potential to be formulated as a biodetergent additive.