Keanekaragaman Ikan di Pulau Samosir, Danau Toba Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Abstract

The diversity of fish in Samosir Island, Lake Toba and its relationship with water quality, has been analyzed in July 2024 - August 2024. The sampling locations were determined using a purposive sampling method and samples were collected using nets, fishing lines, and traps. The study identified 12 fish species belonging to 6 orders and 7 families. The highest diversity index was recorded at Station I (1,81), followed by Stations II, III, and IV with a value (1,65). The highest relative abundance was found at Station II, with Amphilophus labiatus (46,26%), and the lowest at Station I, with Channa striata (1,17%). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that water clarity had a very strong correlation with fish diversity, while pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) had strong correlations. In contrast, temperature showed a very weak correlation with diversity. Environmental factors such as habitat conditions, water quality, human activities, and the introduction of non-native fish species play important roles in determining the diversity and abundance of fish in the study area. The findings of this study provide valuable information on the aquatic ecosystem condition of Samosir Island and can serve as a recommendation for the sustainable management of fisheries resources in the area.