Keragaman Biotipe Nilaparvata Lugens (Stall) pada Beberapa Daerah Penghasil Beras Di Sumatera Utara

Abstract

The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is a major rice pest that causes significant crop losses throughout Asia. The purpose of this study was to determine the biotype diversity of bWBC in four rice-producing districts in North Sumatra: Asahan Regency, Batubara Regency, Deli Serdang Regency, and Langkat Regency. The results of the morphology study of the WBC imagos revealed a macropteran body length of 4,36 mm and a brachypteran body length of 3,51 mm. The imago antennae consist of three parts: the scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Four WBC samples were tested in the laboratory using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Samples identified by PCR using the universal insect mitochondrial primers LCO 1490/HCO 2198, resulted in amplification of 700 bp. Sequencing was then performed for phylogenetic analysis. The PCR test results were analyzed descriptively using MEGA version 11. The sequence data from four Nilaparvata lugens samples were aligned with four sequence data from GeneBank: MK301229.1 (Nilaparvata lugens biotype Y), JN563997.1 (Nilaparvata lugens biotype 3), JN563996.1 (Nilaparvata lugens biotype 2), and JN563995.1 (Nilaparvata lugens biotype 1). The genetic distance between the samples in this study was 0,000 indicating a very close relationship between the four samples. The genetic distance between the four samples was 0,578 to Nilaparvata lugens biotype 1 and 0,596 to Nilaparvata lugens biotypes 2, Nilaparvata lugens 3, and Nilaparvata lugens biotype Y. This indicates a close kinship between the four samples and the Nilaparvata lugens biotype in GeneBank. Gene mutations or biotype changes in Nilaparvata lugens. Farmer characteristics revealed that the majority of respondents were 41-50 years old, had a high school education, and were mostly male. The majority of respondent farmers used the Inpari-32 variety, which is somewhat susceptible to WBC. The majority of respondent farmers used synthetic pesticides to control WBC. Some farmers used more than three types of pesticides. 96,67% of respondent farmers in Batubara Regency controlled WBC by using synthetic pesticides more than three times during a planting period. WBC infestations during a single planting period varied from 1% to 5% of farmers' land area expansion. The statistical analysis results showed a relationship between the variety used and the level of WBC infestation, with a significance value (0.00). The main problem most frequently experienced by farmers was pests and diseases, with more than 50% of farmers interviewed citing this as the problem.