Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Buah Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC) Terhadap Bakteri Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) dan Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance, particularly Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), poses a major challenge in modern healthcare due to its resistance to various antibiotics. Andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) is known to contain active compounds such as terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which have potential antibacterial properties. Although studies have investigated its activity against S. aureus, research on its effectiveness against resistant strains like MRSA remains limited. This study aims to analyze the antibacterial activity of andaliman fruit extract against MSSA and MRSA in vitro as an initial step in developing a plant-based alternative therapy. Objective: To analyze the antibacterial effectiveness of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and combined extracts of andaliman fruit against MSSA and MRSA in vitro through inhibition zone assays at various concentrations (5–35%), and to identify the types and levels of active compounds using GC-MS. Methods: This study is an in vitro experimental research using a post-test only control group design, comparing the inhibition zones of andaliman fruit extracts prepared with three types of solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and their combination) at concentrations of 5–35% against the growth of MSSA and MRSA using the disk diffusion method. The active compounds and their concentrations were analyzed using GC-MS. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in the diameter of the inhibition zones among the solvent groups and extract concentrations against MSSA and MRSA. Significant results were observed in the ethanol group for MSSA (p=0.004), ethyl acetate group for MSSA (p=0.004), ethanol group for MRSA (p=0.010), ethyl acetate group for MRSA (p=0.006), and combination group for MRSA (p=0.014). The combination extract group for MSSA (p=0.417) showed no significant difference. The average inhibition zone diameters (in mm) for MSSA were: ethanol 35% (11.60±1.30), ethyl acetate 35% (11.17±0.12), and combination 25% (8.20±0.96); and for MRSA: ethanol 35% (10.90±0.35), ethyl acetate 35% (10.23), and combination 30% (8.33±0.49). Conclusion: The combination solvent did not show superior antibacterial activity against MSSA and MRSA compared to the single solvents (ethanol and ethyl acetate). The active compounds identified in the andaliman fruit extracts that are suspected to contribute to antibacterial activity include geranyl acetate and phytol.