Early Warning Score Sebagai Prediktor pada Mortalitas Pasien Intensive Care Unit RS Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background: The Early Warning Score (EWS) is a scoring system designed for the early detection of clinical deterioration through routine vital sign monitoring. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of EWS as a mortality predictor in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Early Warning Score as a predictor of mortality among ICU patients at RS Adam Malik Medan. Methods: This study employed an observational analytic design with a prospective cohort approach at RS Adam Malik ICU Medan. The sample included 120 ICU patients who met inclusion criteria. Measurement of EWS parameters (respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and consciousness level) was conducted on the first day of admission and monitored up to the seventh day of treatment or until patient death. Results: Out of 84 patients studied, 40 patients (33.3%) had high EWS scores (≥7). Mortality in the high EWS group reached 65% (26 out of 40 patients), compared to only 12.5% (10 out of 84 patients) in the low EWS group (<7). Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between high EWS scores and patient mortality (p < 0.001; RR = 5.2, 95% CI = 2.8-9.7). Conclusion: EWS was effective as a predictor of mortality in ICU patients. Patients with high EWS scores had a significantly higher risk of mortality compared to those with low scores. Routine implementation of EWS can enhance early identification of high-risk patients and reduce ICU mortality rates