Hubungan Karakteristik Individu dan Personal Hygiene dengan Kejadian Demam Typhoid pada Pasien di Rumah Sakit Harapan Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2025

Abstract

Typhoid fever is a systemic infection that remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation and poor personal hygiene. According to WHO data from 2009, the global case fatality rate (CFR) for typhoid fever was 3.5 percent and in 2019, approximately 70 percent of global deaths occurred in Asia. In Indonesia, the 2018 Riskesdas reported a CFR ranging from 0.6 percent to 5 percent In Medan, there were 11,550 cases in 2021, while Harapan Hospital in Pematangsiantar recorded 737 cases in 2024. This study aims to analyze the relationship between individual characteristics and personal hygiene with the incidence of typhoid fever among patients at Harapan Hospital, Pematangsiantar, in 2025. The research employed a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 112 respondents selected through accidental sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and medical records, and analyzed with the chi-square test. The results showed a typhoid fever incidence rate of 52.7 percent. Individual characteristics significantly associated with typhoid fever were age and education (p<0.05). Regarding personal hygiene, habits such as washing hands after defecation, before eating, snacking habits, and hand and nail cleanliness were significantly related (p<0.05). These findings highlight the importance of education and behavioral interventions, especially among young people and those with lower education, as well as improving personal hygiene practices to prevent typhoid fever. This study is expected to inform health policy and educational programs in healthcare facilities and the wider community.