Efektivitas Nanopartikel Varnish Ikan Teri Nasi (Stolephorus commersonnii) sebagai Bahan Topikal Aplikasi Fluor terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans: Studi In Vitro

Abstract

Background: Dental caries is a common infectious disease primarily caused by Streptococcus mutans. The application of topical varnish fluoridees is an effective preventive measure; however, synthetic materials used may cause adverse side effects. Anchovy (Stolephorus commersonnii), a local food source, contains calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride, indicating its potential as a more biocompatible alternative topical agent. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical properties and antibacterial efficacy of varnish fluoride formulated from anchovy-derived nanoparticles against S. mutans. Research Methods: This research is an experimental laboratory with study design of post-test only control groups design. The research comprised three primary phases: identification, formulation, and characterization, with a specific focus on antibacterial activity. Anchovy nanoparticle powder was synthesized across six concentration levels (0.781–12.5%). The resultant formulations were characterized by particle size, fluoride concentration, pH, viscosity, coloration, and antibacterial performance using disk diffusion assays against Streptococcus mutans. Results: The anchovy nanoparticle powder exhibited an average particle size of 43.88 nm and contained fluoride at a concentration of 21 ppm. The prepared varnish formulations demonstrated a safe pH range (4.91–5.19), optimal viscosity at concentrations between 1.56% and 3.13%, and a milky white appearance at lower concentration levels. The formulation with a 1.56% concentration highlighted the highest antibacterial activity, producing an inhibition zone diameter of 13.96 ± 0.13 mm, which was significantly greater than that observed in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Varnish fluoride formulated from anchovy-derived nanoparticles exhibits promising potential as a caries-preventive agent. It combines stable physicochemical properties with effective antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.