Persilangan Full Dialel Dua Tetua Kultivar Lokal asal Kabupaten Padang Lawas Sibara dan Sibayur dengan Varietas Unggul Baru Fatmawati

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop consumed in large quantities compared to other food crops. Increasing rice production is necessary to keep pace with population growth and reduce rice imports. The use of high-yielding varieties can be a solution to improve production and national food security. This study aimed to determine the crossability of parents in forming F1 seeds from several crossing combinations. This research provides valuable insights into parental lines in F1 seed formation and offers an initial population for selection in plant breeding, which can be utilized in combining ability analysis. The research was conducted at the Screenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, at an altitude of ± 25 meters above sea level, from August 2024 to February 2025. A full diallel crossing method was used, involving two local cultivars (Sibayur and Sibara) and the Fatmawati variety. Hand pollination was employed to cross the three parents, resulting in six crossing combinations. The results showed that the average percentage of F1 seeds formed per panicle ranged from 14.00% to 86.00%. The highest average percentage of F1 seeds formed per panicle was 86.00% found in the Fatmawati variety x Sibara cultivar combination, while the lowest was 14.00% found in the Sibara cultivar x Fatmawati variety combination. The cross-ability of parents to form F1 seeds was evident in the wide range of F1 seed formation percentages, and the parents showed no significant difference in cross-ability with their reciprocal in forming F1 seeds.