Analisis Gugus Fungsional pada Beberapa Biochar Hasil Teknik Retort dan Kiln

Abstract

The quality of biochar produced is determined by the type of biomass and pyrolysis technique used. The results and quality of biochar can be determined, among other things, by identifying the compounds contained within it using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. There are many beneficial compounds, but there are also compTounds that are toxic and harmful to humans and plants. The objective of this study is to determine the best pyrolysis technique for producing biochar from empty oil palm fruit bunches, wood, and cattle manure, as well as to analyze the beneficial and toxic compounds for plants. This analysis was conducted at the Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, Medan, as well as at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) and the Belawan Customs Laboratory. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in the functional groups contained in the retort and kiln techniques. The pH analysis results show no significant difference, with the highest pH value in the kiln technique being 8.99, while the retort technique biochar has a pH value of 8.59, which is lower than the kiln technique. FTIR analysis results showed that biochar produced using the retort technique had the highest number of wave peaks and functional groups, with 36 wave peaks and 26 functional groups, while the kiln technique had 28 wave peaks and 19 functional groups. This is because the retort technique undergoes more complete pyrolysis. FTIR analysis of biochar produced using the clinical technique showed a 5% content of toxic compounds (nitriles) 5% and 95% content of beneficial compounds. FTIR analysis of biochar produced using the retort technique showed 100% content of beneficial compounds with no toxic compounds.