Hubungan Trimester Kehamilan dengan Manifestasi Oral pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Patumbak Kabupaten Deli Serdang Tahun 2025

Abstract

Hormonal changes during pregnancy can lead to various oral manifestations in pregnant women, including caries, gingivitis, epulis gravidarum, changes in salivary flow rate, and alterations in salivary pH. This study aims to examine the relationship between pregnancy trimester and oral manifestations in pregnant women. It is an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional design conducted at Patumbak Community Health Center in June 2025, involving 52 pregnant women. Subjects were selected using purposive sampling with the following inclusion criteria: pregnant women attending the Maternal and Child Health Clinic, without systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or pregnancy-induced hypertension, not on routine medications affecting homeostasis, and non-smokers. Collected data included pregnancy trimester and oral manifestations: caries, gingivitis, epulis gravidarum, changes in salivary flow rate, and changes in salivary pH. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. The results showed no significant relationship between pregnancy trimester and overall oral manifestations (p = 0.375). However, there were significant associations between pregnancy trimester and incidence of gingivitis (p = 0.003), dental caries (p = 0.026), and changes in salivary flow rate (p = 0.001). No significant relationship was found between trimester and salivary pH change (p = 0.810), and no cases of epulis gravidarum were observed among the respondents. In conclusion, this study found no overall association between pregnancy trimester and oral manifestations in pregnant women.