Hubungan Karakteristik dan Personal Hygiene dengan Kejadian Demam Tifoid di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Medan Tahun 2025

Abstract

Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. The World Health Organization reports that the incidence rate of typhoid fever worldwide reaches 26 per 100,000 people annually, with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 1,2% people. These figures indicate that typhoid fever remains a significant global health issue. According to data from the Global Burden of Disease the disease burden caused by typhoid fever remains high in developing countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics and personal hygiene habits with the incidence of typhoid fever at Haji Medan General Hospital in 2025. The study design is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of all inpatients at Haji Medan General Hospital. The sample size was 95 participants, selected using simple random sampling. Univariate data analysis was conducted descriptively, and bivariate data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Based on the study results, the proportion of typhoid fever cases at Haji Medan General Hospital in 2025 was 52.6%. Variables significantly associated with typhoid fever incidence were education (p=0,001), oral hygiene (p=0,006), snacking habits (p=0,021), handwashing before eating (p=0,006), handwashing after defecation (p=0,012), and drinking water source (p=0,021). Meanwhile, the variables of age (p=0,429) and gender (p=0,433) did not have a significant association with the incidence of typhoid fever. It is hoped that patients will be more aware of maintaining personal hygiene, and hospitals can improve education and handwashing facilities to prevent the spread of typhoid fever.