Faktor - faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pematang Raya Kabupaten Simalungun Tahun 2025

Abstract

Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) is a disease that attacks the respiratory tract, both the upper and lower respiratory tract, and is also one of the main causes of infant mortality and ranks first in morbidity in toddlers. The incidence rate of ARI sufferers in toddlers in Indonesia is (34.2%). Based on data from the Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) in 2023, the number of incidents of ARI sufferers in North Sumatra reached (21.0%). The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related with the incidence of ARI in toddlers in working area of the Pematang Raya Health Center, Simalungun District in 2025. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The sample size in this study was 88 samples and was taken using the simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out univariately and bivariately. Bivariate analysis used the chi-square test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of the study showed that the proportion of toddlers experiencing ARI was (63.6%). There was a significant relationship between maternal knowledge (p<0,005), smoking habits of family members (p<0,005), immunization status (p<0,005), and exclusive breastfeeding (p<0,005) with the incidence of ARI in toddlers in the work area of the Pematang Raya Health Center, Simalungun Regency in 2025. It is hoped that the community in the work area of the Pematang Raya Health Center can increase maternal knowledge about the symptoms, prevention, and treatment of ARI incidents that occur in toddlers, create a healthy environment free from exposure to cigarette smoke, take children to get complete immunizations, and provide exclusive breastfeeding without additional food and drinks until the child is 6 months old.