Potensi Pasta Hidroksiapatit Ikan Teri Nasi (Stolephorus Commersoni) sebagai Agen Remineralisasi Terhadap Peningkatan Kekerasan Permukaan Enamel Gigi: Studi In Vitro

Abstract

Background: Caries is a multifactorial disease and remains a significant health problem affecting a large portion of the global population. The tooth surfaces coated with biofilm can trigger the process of demineraliazation. To overcome this, a remineralization process is necessary to restore lost minerals and prevent further demineralization. Commerson’s anchovy has been identified as a potential agent for preventing dental caries. Objective: This research aims to evaluate the remineralization activity and analyze the effect of administering hydroxyapatite paste (HAp) derived from Commerson’s anchovy (Stolephorus commersonii) to enhance tooth enamel surface hardness. Research Methods: This laboratory experimental research employs a pretest-posttest control group design. This research is conducted in three main stages: the identification stage, hydroxyapatite (HAp) paste formulation, and measurement of tooth enamel surface hardness using a Microvickers Hardness Tester. The samples consist of 15 permanent premolars divided into three treatment groups: group 1 receives hydroxyapatite (HAp) paste from anchovies, group 2 receives casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste, and group 3 receives a paste without active ingredients (negative control). All samples are immersed in a demineralization solution for 96 hours and incubated at 37°C. The paste treatment is applied for 4 minutes on the demineralized enamel surface, followed by re-incubation at the same temperature. This procedure is repeated daily for 21 days. Results: Statistical analysis indicates that the use of HAp paste derived from anchovies significantly enhance tooth enamel surface hardness (p < 0.001), especially following the first and second remineralization cycles. SEM results indicated pore closure and a smoother enamel surface in the groups treated with ancovy-derived HAp paste and CPP-ACP paste. Conclusion: The application of anchovy-based hydroxyapatite paste for 21 days has been shown to enhance the surface hardness of tooth enamel.