Analysis Figurative Language of Humor in Christian Giacobbe's Stand-Up Comedy Performance on Indonesian Cultural Context

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the use of figurative language, joke structures, and humor mechanisms in Christian Giacobbe's stand-up comedy performances, focusing on how humor is semantically constructed and functions within the Indonesian cultural context. Kennedy's (2009) theory is used to analyze the types of figurative language and Attardo's (1994) general verbal humor theory to analyze the mechanisms and structures of humor influenced by figurative language. Using a qualitative research design, this study analyzes 41 jokes from 14 performances based on transcript data. The findings indicate a dominant use of contradiction-based figurative language, with irony and hyperbole as the most frequent devices, followed by simile, metaphor, and symbol in cultural imagery. Through the framework of the general verbal humor theory (GVTH), these figurative expressions are proven to align with key components such as Script Contradiction, Logical Mechanism, Narrative Strategy, and Target. Figurative language in jokes serves to build and then subvert audience expectations through unexpected contrasts or shifts in meaning, making the humor more powerful and engaging. This study also identified incongruity as the most dominant humor theory in the use of figurative language in Giacobbe's performances, supported by theories of superiority and detachment. These findings suggest that figurative language in stand-up comedy is not simply a stylistic element, but a key tool in constructing meaning, delivering punchlines, and generating audience engagement through culturally relevant humor.