Proses Penyelesaian Kredit Usaha Rakyat Mikro tanpa Jaminan pada PT Bank Sumut KCP Sisingamangaraja

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Unsecured Loan (KTA) policy, particularly the Micro People’s Business Credit (KUR Mikro), at PT Bank Sumut Sisingamangaraja Sub-Branch Office, as well as to examine the legal risks faced by the bank as the creditor and the dispute resolution mechanisms for non performing loans. Unsecured credit serves as an important instrument to promote financial inclusion, especially for micro-business actors in the unbankable segment. However, the provision of unsecured loans also poses significant legal risks, especially when the debtor defaults and lacks collateral assets. This research is an empirical juridical study, combining a normative approach with legal realities in practice. The research is descriptive in nature and conducted at PT Bank Sumut Sisingamangaraja Sub Branch Office. The data used includes primary data obtained through interviews with six respondents, and secondary data consisting of statutory regulations and legal literature. Data collection techniques include document study and interviews, while data analysis is conducted using a qualitative approach. The results show that the implementation of unsecured loans at PT Bank Sumut Sisingamangaraja has adhered to the 5C principle and national banking regulations. Nevertheless, the bank still faces legal risks due to its status as a concurrent creditor and the potential for default without executable collateral. Dispute resolution follows a tiered process, beginning with persuasive collection efforts, proceeding to litigation if necessary, and prioritizing non-litigation approaches such as restructuring and mediation. This study recommends strengthening internal regulations, improving risk analysis capabilities, and optimizing non-litigation settlement pathways to ensure that unsecured lending remains balanced between the bank’s interests and the protection of micro enterprises.