An Analysis of Translation Procedures on “Little Sunshine Bilingual Book” From Indonesia Into English

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the translation procedures used in the Little Sunshine Bilingual Book when translating texts from Indonesian into English. The study adopts Vinay and Darbelnet’s theory of translation procedures, which classifies methods into seven procedures: borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study collects data in the form of sentence-level translations. It examines the use of these procedures to determine how meaning is transferred between languages in the context of bilingual children. The results of the analysis show that literal translation is the most frequently used procedure, accounting for 23.07% of the total data, reflecting the straightforward nature of children’s literature, where clarity and simplicity are prioritized. Modulation follows with 21.53%, indicating the translator’s effort to preserve meaning while adjusting forms that differ between languages. Transposition accounts for 16.92%, indicating a structural shift from the source to the target language. Equivalence, which helps convey idiomatic expressions and culturally embedded meanings, is used in 15.38% of the data. Calque and adaptation are each used in 9.23% of the examples, illustrating both direct and culturally adjusted renditions. Borrowing, the least used procedure at 4.61%, appears in instances where specific terms are retained to preserve authenticity.