Analisis Pengaruh Ukuran Nozzle dan Lubang Outlet Turbin Tesla Pico Hydro terhadap Kapasitas Generator

Abstract

Small-scale hydropower systems, or pico hydro, present a promising solution for providing electricity in remote areas. This research aims to analyze the influence of nozzle size and outlet diameter variations on the performance of a Tesla turbine in generating electrical power. The Tesla turbine used in this study consists of 8 disks with a diameter of 188 mm and a 2 mm spacing between disks. The experimental setup includes two nozzle diameters (16 mm and 20 mm) and three outlet diameters (20 mm, 25 mm, and 30 mm), tested under a water head of 19 meters. A Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) was connected to the turbine using a belt and pulley transmission system with a 1:4 ratio. The results show that the combination of a 20 mm nozzle and a 20 mm outlet produced the highest output, with 13.2 watts of power at a stable frequency of approximately 50.97 Hz and a generator rotational speed of 396.3 RPM. In contrast, the lowest output of 3.9 watts was recorded with a 16 mm nozzle and a 30 mm outlet. It can be concluded that a larger nozzle and a smaller outlet diameter improve turbine efficiency due to increased fluid-disk interaction, optimizing the conversion of fluid energy into mechanical energy. This study highlights that inlet and outlet flow geometries significantly affect the overall performance of a Tesla turbine-based pico hydro power generation system.