Analisis Tingkat Likuiditas dan Solvabilitas terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan di Indonesia pada Tahun 2019-2023

Abstract

The banking sector plays a strategic role in supporting the national economy through its financial intermediation function. However, challenges in managing liquidity and solvency often become key factors affecting the financial performance of banks, particularly in generating Return on Assets (ROA). Liquidity, measured by the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), reflects a bank’s ability to mobilize third-party funds to support credit distribution. Solvency, measured by the Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), illustrates the resilience of a bank’s funding structure in facing financial risks. This study aims to analyze the effect of LDR and DAR on ROA in 39 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019– 2023 period. This research adopts a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from bank financial statements. The analytical method employed is panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) selected as the most appropriate model. The results indicate that partially, LDR has a positive and significant effect on ROA, while DAR has a negative but statistically insignificant effect. Simultaneously, both LDR and DAR have a positive and significant impact on ROA. Further analysis reveals that the influence of LDR on ROA is stronger in large banks compared to smaller ones, in line with their greater risk management capacity and operational efficiency. This study provides strategic implications for bank management to balance the management of liquidity and solvency, and encourages regulators such as the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI) to design more adaptive policies in responding to post-pandemic economic dynamics.