Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Tuang terhadap Sifat Mekanik dan Struktur Mikro Paduan Berbahan Kaleng Minuman Bekas dengan Penambahan Aluminium Murni dengan Metode Pengecoran Permanent Mold Casting

Abstract

The casting process is a method of manufacturing products by pouring molten metal into a mold and allowing it to solidify, thereby forming the desired shape. One of the most commonly used materials in casting is aluminum. Pouring temperature significantly affects the quality of castings, including their microstructure and mechanical properties. This study aims to analyze the mechanical properties—wear resistance, impact toughness, and hardness—as well as the microstructure of an aluminum alloy composed of 70% recycled beverage can aluminum and 30% pure aluminum, with pouring temperature variations of 660°C, 700°C, and 750°C. The casting process used in this research is Permanent Mold Casting. Specimens were tested to examine the surface structure of the castings and to evaluate their mechanical properties. The results show that the Permanent Mold Casting process using recycled aluminum cans combined with pure aluminum resulted in porosity defects. Microstructure observations revealed that the highest concentration of grain boundary porosity occurred in specimens cast at 700°C. Consequently, the specimen at 700°C exhibited better wear resistance with the lowest wear rate of 1.17 × 10⁻⁸ mm³/Nmm, and also had the highest average hardness value of 82.067 BHN. However, in terms of impact toughness, the specimen cast at 660°C performed better, with an impact value of 0.0669 J/mm², indicating greater resistance to sudden loads. In conclusion, the variation in pouring temperature significantly influences both the mechanical properties and microstructure of cast products made from recycled beverage can aluminum with the addition of pure aluminum using the Permanent Mold Casting method.