Pertambangan Emas Oleh N.V. Marsman’s Algemeene Exploratie Maatschappij di Meulaboh (1939-1941)

Abstract

This study examines gold mining in Meulaboh, Aceh, by the Dutch private company N.V. Marsman’s Algemeene Exploratie Maatschappij, which took place from 1939 to 1941. The aim of this research is to explain the background of gold mining in Meulaboh, describe the gold mining activities in the region, and explain the gold production results from the mining operations in Meulaboh. This research uses a historical method consisting of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The data was obtained through archival studies at the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia, online archive sites, and literature studies. The research findings indicate that by the end of 1939, N.V. Marsman’s Algemeene Exploratie Maatschappij had successfully identified that the Meulaboh region had the potential to be developed further for exploitation. As a result, the company obtained an exploitation license for the Geudong concession area and began mining activities. This mining operation produced gold in the form of dore bars, both fine and coarse gold, which came from alluvial deposits around the Woyla River. The operation utilized dredging ships and involved hundreds of workers, including local and foreign laborers, supervisors, and foreign experts. The mining production in Meulaboh not only resulted in gold, amounting to tens of kilograms over two years of operation, but also yielded other mineral materials such as platinum and silver. Gold mining in Meulaboh during the period 1939-1941 demonstrates that the region had promising alluvial gold deposits that attracted foreign investors as part of a colonial strategy to exploit the natural resources in Aceh. This was reflected in the success of N.V. Marsman’s Algemeene Exploratie Maatschappij in acquiring the exploration license, proceeding to the initial exploration phase, dredging alluvial deposits, processing the material, and extracting gold, platinum, and silver.