Rancang Bangun Antena Dipole 433 Mhz untuk Komunikasi Dua Arah pada Sistem Kendali Jarak Jauh di Peternakan Ayam

Abstract

The need for reliable remote control systems in the livestock sector drives the development of efficient wireless communication technology, where the performance of such systems is highly dependent on the antenna used. This research aims to design, build, and evaluate the performance of a dipole antenna operating at a frequency of 433 MHz for a two-way fan control system application on a chicken farm. The antenna design began with theoretical dimensional calculations, which were then simulated and optimized using MMANA-GAL software, yielding an optimal antenna length of 32.8 cm with a VSWR of 1.45. Two fabricated antennas were then measured using a NanoVNA, showing VSWR values of 1.52 and 1.53, which closely matched the simulation results and were within good performance limits. In the overall system test, the antennas were tested at a distance of approximately 20 meters with an obstruction (Non-Line-of-Sight). The system implements a status feedback model to report the actual outcome of the command execution. The test results showed a 100% communication success rate over 10 trials, with strong and stable Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values ranging from -65 dBm to -73 dBm for both communication directions. Overall, this research successfully demonstrates that the custom-designed and fabricated dipole antenna can serve as a reliable and efficient key component for supporting remote control systems in a farming environment.