Induksi Kalus dan Morfogenesis Tunas Tanaman Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa L.) Menggunakan 2,4-D dan Kinetin

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of applying various concentrations of 2,4-D and Kinetin in MS medium on the growth of callus and shoot morphogenesis of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), as well as to assess the interaction between 2,4-D and Kinetin on callus growth. The research was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, from December to May 2025. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D): D0 (0 ppm), D1 (1.75 ppm), D2 (2.0 ppm), and D3 (2.25 ppm). The second factor was Kinetin: K0 (0 ppm), K1 (1.25 ppm), K2 (1.5 ppm), and K3 (1.75 ppm). The parameters observed were the percentage of viable explants, percentage of explants forming callus, percentage of explants forming shoots, days to callus initiation, callus fresh weight, callus texture, and callus color. The results showed that the application of 2,4-D and Kinetin had a significant effect on all observed parameters, including their interaction. The treatment combination of D1K3 (1.75 ppm 2,4-D + 1.75 ppm Kinetin) resulted in the best outcomes in terms of the earliest callus initiation and the highest callus fresh weight.