Bunyi Forman Vokal Dalam Bahasa Jawa Ngoko: Kajian Fonetik Akustik

Abstract

Regional languages are one of the languages in Indonesia. One of them is the Javanese ethnic group. Javanese is divided into: Ngoko, Krama Madya, and Krama Inggil. Basically, Javanese vowels have ten vowels: [i, I, e, ɛ, a, ǝ, o, ɔ, U, u]. The purpose of this study was to determine the formant values of F1, F2, and F3 and the average value of front vowels at the beginning of words in Ngoko Javanese. A comparative analysis of the average values was also conducted. Qualitative methods were used to obtain data on front vowel sounds at the beginning of words in Ngoko Javanese. Meanwhile, quantitative methods were used to calculate the formant values of F1, F2, and F3 and to calculate the differences in average values. The results of the study show that Ngoko Javanese in PL with a comparison of the average value of the front vowel sound at the beginning of the word from the five PL in BJN, has two vowel values, namely: 1. The front vowel value at the beginning of the word with the highest value is in the vowel: [e] with a value of 7804Hz on the F3 Formant with the word "enggen". Meanwhile, 2. The front vowel value at the beginning of the word with the lowest value is in the vowel: [i] with a value of 770Hz on the F1 Formant with the word "iga". Meanwhile, the comparison of the average value of the front vowel sound at the beginning of the word from the five PP in BJN, has two vowel values, namely: 1. The front vowel value at the beginning of the word with the highest value is in the vowel: [I] with a value of 7963Hz on the F3 Formant with the word "Icul". Meanwhile, 2. The front vowel value at the beginning of the word with the lowest value is in the vowel: [e] with a value of 945Hz on the F1 Formant with the word "empan". The data used are twenty-five words in the Javanese dictionary. The data source used was voice recordings from ten speakers of Ngoko Javanese. The study concluded that Javanese has 10 vowel sounds. Data analysis revealed that the F1, F2, and F3 values of Ngoko Javanese are based on the average value of initial front vowels in Ngoko Javanese. The highest vowel is [i] with a value of 7963 Hz in PP (prefixed vowel), and the lowest is [i] with a value of 770 Hz in PL (non-prefixed vowel). It was concluded that the average ratio of initial front vowels (PL) and PP (prefixed vowel) in BJN is based on the high and low values of initial front vowels at the F1, F2, and F3 formants. Therefore, the dominant voice is the voice of female speakers in Ngoko Javanese.