Analisis Ragam ما /Mā/ dan Fungsinya dalam Kitab رياض الصالحين /Riyāḍu Aṣ-Ṣāliḥīn/ Karya Imam Nawawi

Abstract

This research discusses the various forms of ما /mā/ and its functions in Kitābu al-Adab from the book Riyāḍu Aṣ-Ṣāliḥīn by Imam Nawawi. This research used the library research method with a descriptive-analytic approach and is based on the Arabic syntax theory (Nahwu) by Ni’mah. The purpose of this research is to identified the types of ما /mā/ found in the texts of hadith and verses of the Qur'an in Kitābu al-Adab, and explained their grammatical functions according to the context of the sentences. The research results show that in Kitābu al-Adab there are 53 ما /mā/ which are divided into two main categories: 31 ما /mā/ ismiyah and 22 ما /mā/ ḥarfiyah. The ما /mā/ ismiyah includes 19 ما /mā/ mauṣūlah functioning as mubtada’, khabar, fā‘il, maf’ūl bih, majrūr, and ma’ṭūf, as well as 12 ما /mā/ istifhām functioning as mubtada’, khabar, maf’ūl bih, and majrūr. The ما /mā/ ḥarfiyah is divided into five types: ما /mā/ nafiyah negating fi’il māḍī and fi’il muḍāri’ (15 ), ما /mā/ nafiyah functioning like ليس /laisa/ (1), ما /mā/ zāidah kāffah functioning to negate the function of إنّ /inna/ (3), ما /mā/ zāidah gairu kāffah only functioning as an addition (1), and ما /mā/ maṣdariyyah changing fi’il into maṣdar (2).