Pengaruh Suhu Karbonisasi terhadap Karakteristik Adsorben Karbon Aktif Kulit Pisang Kepok untuk Reduksi Salinitas Air Laut

Abstract

Research on adsorbent based on activated carbon from banana peel to reduce seawater salinity has been conducted. Banana peel was carbonized at 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C for 90 minutes. Banana peel carbon was sieved with a 75 m (200 mesh) sieve. Banana peel carbon was chemically activated using 2M H2SO4 solution. After the pH of banana peel activated carbon was neutral, it was dried at 100°C for 1 hour. Banana peel activated carbon was tested by XRF and FTIR both before and after chemical activation. Banana peel activated carbon was molded using a hydraulic press with a pressure of 6 tons for 10 minutes. The molded activated carbon was then physically activated at 400°C for 4 hours. The activated carbon that had been produced was then used as an adsorbent to reduce seawater salinity. The adsorbent based on activated carbon from banana peel was characterized by physical properties such as porosity and water absorption, SEM-EDS, XRD, XRF, FTIR, and BET. The results of physical characterization (porosity and water absorption), carbon content in SEM-EDS test, and surface area in BET test increased along with increasing carbonization temperature with optimum value obtained at carbonization temperature of 400°C. Functional groups O-H (3200-3600 cm-1), C-H (2850-2970 cm-1), C=C (1610-1680 cm-1) and C-O (1050-1300 cm-1) were formed in the adsorbent. The degree of crystallinity increased along with increasing carbonization temperature, with amorphous crystal structure at 400°C. The findings of the application test demonstrated that, at a carbonization temperature of 400°C, the adsorbent based on activated carbon from banana peels could lower seawater salinity by 57.76%.